Vatsakalvon

Vatsakalvon is the Finnish term for the peritoneum, the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. It forms the peritoneal cavity, a potential space that normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid to reduce friction between moving viscera.

The peritoneum consists of two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the surfaces of most abdominal organs. These layers are connected by various folds and structures, including mesenteries, omenta, and ligaments, which suspend and organize the intestines and other organs within the cavity. The peritoneum contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics and is supplied by the abdominal and pelvic vessels and nerves.

In structure, the peritoneum is primarily a layer of mesothelium supported by connective tissue. It develops from mesoderm during embryogenesis and continuously secretes a small amount of serous fluid that provides lubrication for organ movement.

Functions of vatsakalvon include providing a friction-reducing surface, maintaining the position and organization of abdominal organs, and serving as a conduit for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics through its folds. Its folds, such as the mesenteries and omenta, also help compartmentalize the abdominal cavity and contribute to immune defense and fluid exchange.

Clinically, disorders of the peritoneum include peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), ascites (fluid accumulation), and complications related to peritoneal dialysis. The term vatsakalvo is commonly used in Finnish medical literature to refer to this membrane.