Vatnsfjall

Vatnsfjall, Icelandic for "water mountain," refers to a mountain and the surrounding nature area in the Westfjords region of Iceland. The name reflects the terrain’s abundant meltwater and the prominence of the mountain in a landscape shaped by glaciation and coastal processes. The area is designated as a protected nature reserve to safeguard its highland habitats and water sources, as well as the wildlife that relies on them.

Geography and geology: Vatnsfjall lies within the rugged Westfjords plateau, featuring exposed volcanic rock, steep cliffs, and glacially carved valleys. The climate is subarctic oceanic, with strong winds and frequent precipitation. Vegetation is sparse at higher elevations, where mosses, lichens, and low-growing heath dominate, while lower areas host grasses and scrub. The coastal fringe supports seabird habitats and other marine-adjacent ecosystems common to Iceland’s western coastline.

Ecology and conservation: The area preserves characteristic Icelandic highland ecosystems, including montane heath, moss and lichen communities, and arctic-alpine flora at altitude. The coastal cliffs and nearby shores provide important habitats for seabirds and other wildlife. The reserve is managed to protect biodiversity, limit habitat disturbance, and maintain the integrity of water sources and natural landscapes. Access and activities are guided by conservation rules intended to minimize impact on sensitive habitats.

Human use and access: The region is largely undeveloped and remote, with limited infrastructure. It is primarily visited by hikers, birdwatchers, and researchers. Visitors should be prepared for difficult terrain and rapidly changing weather, follow marked trails where available, and observe wildlife and habitat regulations.

See also: Protected areas of Iceland, Westfjords, Vatnsfjall Nature Reserve.