Vastevalikud

Vastevalikud, literally “answer choices” in Estonian, refer to the predefined set of responses offered to respondents for a question, item, or prompt. Used in surveys, tests, and digital forms, vastevalikud enable standardized data collection and straightforward analysis. The term combines vastus (answer) and valikud (choices).

Common forms include dichotomous options (yes/no), single-select multiple choice, multiple-response items where several options may be chosen, and Likert-type scales (for example, 1 to 5 or 1 to 7) that measure attitudes or agreement levels. Vastevalikud can also include an open-ended option such as “Other” with a free-text field.

Design considerations and best practices include ensuring that options are exhaustive and mutually exclusive, so every respondent fits one category and no two categories overlap. Wording should be clear and neutral to avoid leading responses or introducing bias. When appropriate, include an “Other” option with a space for specification. Consider the impact of option order on responses and, if feasible, randomize the order to reduce order effects. For some scales, the midpoint or neutral option should be carefully placed to reflect the construct being measured.

Data handling and analysis involve coding each option for statistical processing. Single-select items are typically treated as nominal or ordinal data, while Likert-type scales are commonly treated as ordinal yet sometimes analyzed as interval data with caution.

Example: What is your highest level of education? 1) Primary, 2) Secondary, 3) Bachelor’s, 4) Master’s, 5) Doctorate, 6) Other.