Varhaiskasvatusta

Varhaiskasvatusta refers to early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland, provided for children from birth to about age six. It combines caregiving with learning opportunities and support for development, aiming to prepare children for compulsory schooling and for participate in society. It operates as a universal public service alongside private and third-sector providers.

The purpose of varhaiskasvatusta is to support the holistic development of the child—cognitive, language, social, emotional, and physical well-being—within a safe and inclusive environment. Pedagogy is typically play-based and child-centered, guided by the child’s interests and the local curriculum. The aim is to foster equality, participation, and a positive attitude toward learning, while supporting families and caregivers in everyday life.

Organization and providers vary. Varhaiskasvatusta is organized by municipalities but can also be delivered by private or non-profit operators. Settings include municipal day care centers (päiväkoti), family day care (perhepäivähoito), and group family day care (ryhmäperhepäiväkoti). Services cover children from birth to six years, with transitional arrangements for those who start school earlier or later. The system emphasizes flexible arrangements to accommodate families’ needs and working hours.

Legal framework and planning: Varhaiskasvatusta is governed by the Act on Early Childhood Education and Care and related decrees. Municipalities prepare a local varhaiskasvatussuunnitelma (VSS), and each child has an individual plan, such as a Henkilökohtainen varhaiskasvatussuunnitelma (HVS). Staffing typically requires qualifications in varhaiskasvatus, ensuring professional care and education. The model supports inclusive practices, including children with special needs, and links to the national core curriculum.

Funding and access: Services are publicly funded with parental fees assessed according to income, alongside municipal subsidies and other public support. Access to varhaiskasvatusta is widespread, reflecting Finland’s commitment to early childhood support as a foundation for lifelong learning.