Vankomütsiin

Vankomütsiin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including strains that are resistant to other antibiotics. Vankomütsiin is typically administered intravenously, although an oral formulation exists for treating Clostridium difficile infections in the intestines. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to bacterial death.

The development of vankomütsiin dates back to the 1950s, with its isolation from a soil sample collected in Borneo. It was introduced clinically in 1958 and quickly became a crucial tool for combating infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Due to its importance, vankomütsiin is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

However, the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains of bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), has presented a significant challenge. The development of resistance often occurs through modifications in the bacterial cell wall's precursor molecules. Monitoring for resistance and judicious use of vankomütsiin are essential to preserve its efficacy. Side effects can include infusion-related reactions like "red man syndrome," nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity, necessitating careful patient monitoring during treatment.