Valutakínálat

Valutakínálat, also known as money supply, refers to the total amount of money in circulation within an economy. It encompasses various forms of liquid assets that can be used for transactions. Central banks are typically responsible for managing and controlling the valutakínálat.

The concept of valutakínálat is usually categorized into different aggregates, commonly denoted by M0, M1, M2, and M3. M0, or the monetary base, includes physical currency and commercial banks' reserves held at the central bank. M1 typically includes M0 plus demand deposits, which are funds held in checking accounts that can be withdrawn on demand. M2 broadens the definition to include M1 plus savings deposits, money market mutual funds, and other time deposits. M3, a broader measure, includes M2 plus larger time deposits and institutional money market funds. The specific definitions of these aggregates can vary slightly between countries.

Changes in the valutakínálat can have significant effects on an economy. An increase in the money supply, if not matched by a corresponding increase in goods and services, can lead to inflation, a general rise in prices. Conversely, a decrease in the money supply can contribute to deflation or a slowdown in economic activity. Central banks use monetary policy tools, such as adjusting interest rates or conducting open market operations, to influence the valutakínálat and achieve their macroeconomic objectives, such as price stability and full employment.