Valtiontuen

Valtiontuki refers to financial assistance or other forms of support provided by a state to its industries, companies, or individuals. This support can take various forms, including direct subsidies, tax breaks, low-interest loans, guarantees, or the provision of goods and services on favorable terms. The primary objectives of state aid are often to promote economic development, foster innovation, support strategic sectors, address market failures, or achieve social goals such as employment creation or regional development.

In the European Union, state aid is subject to strict rules and regulations designed to prevent distortions of competition within the single market. The European Commission monitors state aid granted by member states to ensure it does not unfairly advantage certain companies or industries over others. Generally, state aid is prohibited unless it falls under a specific exemption or is approved by the Commission. Exemptions often apply to aid that serves an objective of common European interest, such as support for research and development, environmental protection, or small and medium-sized enterprises.

National governments have broad discretion in deciding how to allocate their resources, but the principle of fair competition is a key consideration. The justification for state aid usually rests on the idea that it corrects market imperfections or achieves public policy objectives that the market alone cannot address. The implementation and oversight of state aid policies are crucial for maintaining a level playing field for businesses operating within national and supranational economic areas.