Vakuumschalter

A Vakuumschalter, or vacuum interrupter in English, is a type of electrical switch that uses a vacuum as its insulating medium. This vacuum is created within a sealed envelope, typically made of glass or ceramic. When the switch is operated, the contacts inside the vacuum envelope separate, and the vacuum arc that forms is quickly extinguished. This rapid extinction of the arc is a key advantage of vacuum interrupters.

These devices are commonly used in medium-voltage electrical power systems, such as in circuit breakers and reclosers. Their primary function is to interrupt electrical circuits safely and reliably, particularly during fault conditions. The vacuum environment prevents the arcing that occurs when contacts separate from causing significant wear and tear on the contact surfaces, leading to a longer lifespan compared to other types of switches.

The operation of a Vakuumschalter involves a set of fixed and moving contacts housed within the sealed vacuum chamber. When current flows, these contacts are closed. Upon activation to interrupt the circuit, the moving contact retracts, creating a gap between the contacts. The high dielectric strength of the vacuum quickly quenches the arc, which is essential for preventing damage and ensuring safe operation. Their compact size, low maintenance requirements, and excellent switching characteristics make them a popular choice for various industrial and utility applications.