Vaidhya

Vaidhya, also spelled Vaidya, is an Indian occupational designation referring to traditional practitioners of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. The term derives from Sanskrit vaidya, meaning physician or healer.

Historically, Vaidhyas formed hereditary medical lineages or guilds, practicing Ayurveda across Indian regions. They were often associated with scholarly families and gurukula transmissions, and their roles included diagnosing illness, prescribing herbal remedies, performing therapies such as panchakarma, and guiding dietary and lifestyle regimens. Practices varied regionally, and social status ranged in different communities, with some Vaidhya groups aligning with Brahmin lineages while others were categorized within other castes.

In modern times, many Vaidhyas combine traditional knowledge with formal medical education. The Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) and higher degrees are common pathways. Vaidhya practitioners operate private clinics, Ayurvedic hospitals, or contribute to pharmacies and herbal enterprises. They may publish in texts, participate in professional associations, and engage in public health.

The term is used across India and in diaspora communities; regional spellings include Vaidya and Vaidhya, with presence in states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and others. The name is also used as a surname.