Vaalivalvonta

Vaalivalvonta, or election monitoring, is the practice of systematically observing electoral processes to promote transparency, fairness, and integrity. It can be conducted by national election authorities, civil society organizations, political parties, media, and, when invited, international observers. The goal is to verify compliance with electoral laws and standards and to provide independent assessments of how elections are conducted.

Monitoring typically covers the pre-election period, election day, and the post-election phase. Pre-election monitoring examines candidate registration, campaign finance rules, advertising, and equal access to media. On election day, observers review the administration of polling stations, the secrecy of ballots, the counting process, and the transmission of results. Post-election work may include auditing results, addressing complaints, and evaluating overall electoral integrity. Key actors include national electoral authorities or ministries, legislative bodies, domestic watchdog groups, international organizations, and occasionally academic observers.

Methods combine long-term and short-term observation, checklists, statistical sampling, and reporting. Observers publish findings and recommendations to address identified shortcomings. Vaalivalvonta aims to enhance public trust in election outcomes and to deter irregularities, though its impact depends on legal access, protection for observers, and the willingness of institutions to implement reforms. See also: election observation, electoral integrity, political finance monitoring.