Vérlemezkegyengeség

Vérlemezkegyengeség, also known as thrombocytopenia, is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are small, irregular-shaped cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When their count is insufficient, the body's ability to form clots is impaired, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.

The normal range for platelet count in adults is typically between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Thrombocytopenia is generally diagnosed when the platelet count falls below 150,000. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the severity of the low platelet count and can range from mild to severe. Minor bleeding, such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding, may occur. More significant bleeding can manifest as easy bruising (petechiae and purpura), prolonged bleeding from cuts, heavy menstrual periods, or blood in the urine or stool. In severe cases, internal bleeding can be life-threatening.

The causes of vérlemezkegyengeség are diverse and can be broadly categorized into conditions where the body doesn't produce enough platelets, where platelets are destroyed too quickly, or where they are trapped in the spleen. Common causes include certain infections, autoimmune disorders, leukemia and other cancers, aplastic anemia, and side effects of medications, particularly chemotherapy. Pregnancy can also sometimes lead to a temporary decrease in platelet count. Diagnosis involves blood tests to confirm the low platelet count and further investigations to identify the underlying cause. Treatment strategies depend on the etiology and severity of the condition and may involve addressing the underlying cause, medications to increase platelet production, or in some cases, platelet transfusions.