Vähimmäisoikeus

Vähimmäisoikeus is a Finnish legal term that translates to "minimum right" or "basic right." It refers to the fundamental entitlements that are guaranteed to individuals within the Finnish legal system, often rooted in constitutional principles and international human rights conventions. These rights are considered essential for a dignified human existence and are protected against arbitrary infringement by the state or other parties.

The concept of vähimmäisoikeus encompasses a broad range of protections, including civil liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as social and economic rights like the right to education and healthcare. These rights are not absolute and can be subject to limitations, but any restrictions must be prescribed by law, necessary in a democratic society, and proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued. The Finnish Constitution serves as the primary source for many of these fundamental rights, providing a framework for their interpretation and application. Courts play a crucial role in upholding vähimmäisoikeudet by reviewing legislation and administrative actions for compliance with these fundamental guarantees. The principle ensures a baseline of protection for all individuals residing in or subject to Finnish jurisdiction.