Utuk

Utuk refers to a class of supernatural beings in ancient Mesopotamian mythology, particularly prominent in Sumerian and Akkadian texts. These entities are often depicted as malevolent spirits or demons, capable of causing harm to humans. Utuk are frequently associated with the underworld (Kur) and are sometimes described as the spirits of the dead who have not found peace.

They are often invoked or feared in incantations and protective rituals. Descriptions of Utuk vary; they can be presented as invisible entities or as having monstrous forms. Their influence is thought to manifest as illness, misfortune, or madness. While generally viewed negatively, some texts suggest a more ambiguous nature, with Utuk sometimes acting as messengers or servants of gods, though their primary association remains with the destructive or harmful aspects of the supernatural realm. The concept of Utuk highlights the ancient Mesopotamian concern with spiritual forces and their impact on daily life.