Uttarayani

Uttarayani, also spelled Uttarayan, is a term used in Hindu culture to denote the sun's northward movement (Uttarayana) and the related solar festival Makara Sankranti. It marks the transition of the sun into Makara (Capricorn) and the lengthening of days, and is traditionally celebrated on or around January 14 in many parts of the Indian subcontinent. The observance symbolizes the end of winter and the beginning of longer, brighter days; it is often regarded as an auspicious time to give thanks to the Sun God and to seek prosperity in the new year.

In western India, particularly Gujarat, Uttarayan is best known as a kite festival. On the day, people fly kites from rooftops and open spaces, organize competitions, and host festival fairs. Special foods are prepared, such as sesame seeds and jaggery sweets (tilgul) offered to friends and neighbors with greetings that emphasize sweetness and goodwill.

In other regions, the day is celebrated under different names but with similar solar and harvest motifs: Makara Sankranti is observed across parts of North and South India; Tamil Nadu celebrates Pongal as a related festival, while Punjab observes Maghi. Common elements include temple visits, rituals honoring the Sun (Surya), and community feasts.

Etymology: Uttarayan derives from Sanskrit, with 'Uttara' meaning north and 'ayana' meaning journey or movement. The term emphasizes the sun’s northward journey and its calendar and agricultural significance.