Utgjøres

Utgjøres is the present passive form of the Norwegian verb utgjøre, meaning to constitute, to form, or to make up. It is used when the subject is described as being formed by or consisting of other parts, elements, or factors. A common construction is utgjøres av, which introduces the components that together make up the whole. For example, “Totalen utgjøres av fem deler” or “Risikofaktorer utgjøres av tre primære elementer.”

Etymology and related forms: Utgjøre is built from the prefix ut- (often conveying sense of completeness or outward extent) and gjøre (to do or make). The term has cognates in other Scandinavian languages, such as Danish udgøre, reflecting common roots in the region’s languages. The related forms include the active present utgjør, the past utgjorde, and the past participle utgjort, which appear in different tenses and constructions (for example, “har utgjort” for the perfect).

Usage notes: Utgjøres tends to appear in formal, technical, or legal writing, where one specifies how a whole is composed of parts. In more everyday language, speakers may opt for synonyms such as bestå av or utgjøre in its active sense (for example, “fem deler utgjør totalen” or “fem faktorer utgjør totalen”). The choice between active and passive forms can subtly shift emphasis between the components and the whole.

See also: utgjøre, bestå av, total.