Uriinianalüüsides

Uriinianalüüsides, commonly referred to as urinalysis, is a laboratory test performed on a urine sample. It is a fundamental diagnostic tool used to evaluate a person's overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including kidney disease, urinary tract infections, and diabetes. The analysis typically involves three main parts: visual examination, chemical examination, and microscopic examination.

The visual examination assesses the color and clarity of the urine. Normal urine is usually pale yellow and clear. Abnormalities in color, such as red, brown, or dark yellow, can indicate various conditions. Cloudiness might suggest the presence of white blood cells, bacteria, or crystals.

The chemical examination uses a dipstick with chemical pads that change color when immersed in urine. These pads test for various substances such as pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, and the presence of blood or nitrites. Elevated levels of these substances can point to specific medical issues. For instance, glucose in the urine can be a sign of diabetes, while protein may indicate kidney problems.

The microscopic examination involves examining a small amount of urine sediment under a microscope. This allows for the detection and quantification of cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells), casts (tube-shaped structures formed in the kidneys), crystals, and microorganisms. The presence and type of these elements provide further clues for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Uriinianalüüsides is a non-invasive, readily available, and cost-effective test that plays a crucial role in routine medical check-ups and the diagnosis of numerous health conditions.