Upangas

Upangas are a category of accessory scriptures in Hinduism, considered secondary to the Vedas. The term "Upanga" translates to "limb" or "part" of the Veda, suggesting they are supplementary texts that help in understanding and applying Vedic knowledge. While the Vedas are considered Shruti (that which is heard), the Upangas are often considered Smriti (that which is remembered).

The traditional number of Upangas is six, and they are as follows: Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, and Jyotisha. Shiksha deals with phonetics and the correct pronunciation of Vedic mantras. Kalpa Sutras provide detailed instructions and rituals for Vedic sacrifices and ceremonies. Vyakarana is the study of Sanskrit grammar, essential for understanding the language of the Vedas. Nirukta focuses on etymology and the interpretation of Vedic words. Chandas pertains to Vedic meters and prosody. Jyotisha is the study of astronomy and astrology, often used for determining auspicious timings for rituals.

These six Upangas are believed to have originated from the Vedic period and are crucial for a comprehensive study of the Vedas. They are not considered independent scriptures but rather as essential aids to the interpretation and practice of Vedic teachings. Understanding the Upangas allows for a deeper appreciation of the complexities and nuances of Vedic literature and its application in spiritual and ritualistic life.