Unionsoppløsningen

Unionsoppløsningen refers to the dissolution of a union between two sovereign states. This term is most commonly associated with the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, which occurred in 1905. The union had been established in 1814 following the Napoleonic Wars, when Norway was ceded from Denmark to Sweden. While Norway entered the union voluntarily under a personal union, maintaining its own constitution and distinct institutions, tensions gradually grew over time.

The Norwegian Storting (parliament) increasingly sought greater autonomy, particularly in foreign policy. Key points of contention included the establishment of a separate Norwegian consular service and Norwegian representation abroad. These demands were largely resisted by the Swedish crown and government. In 1905, the Storting declared the union dissolved, asserting Norway's full independence. This was met with significant political crisis and brinkmanship between the two nations.

Through diplomatic negotiations, facilitated by international powers, a peaceful separation was eventually agreed upon. Sweden formally recognized Norway's independence, and Norway held a plebiscite to confirm the decision, which overwhelmingly supported dissolution. As a result, Norway became an independent kingdom. The term "unionsoppløsningen" thus encapsulates the historical process of the peaceful separation of Norway from Sweden, marking a significant moment in Norwegian national history.