Underklasserna

Underklasserna is a term used in sociology and economics to describe the lowest socioeconomic stratum of a society. This group is typically characterized by a lack of financial resources, limited access to education and healthcare, and often faces systemic disadvantages. While the definition and composition of the underclass can vary between different societies and historical periods, common indicators include low income, unemployment or underemployment, reliance on public assistance, and living in marginalized communities.

The concept of the underclass gained prominence in the late 20th century, particularly in discussions about poverty, inequality, and social mobility. It suggests a segment of the population that is not only poor but also disconnected from the mainstream of society, often experiencing intergenerational poverty. Factors contributing to the formation and perpetuation of an underclass can include economic restructuring, globalization, changes in family structures, discrimination, and inadequate social safety nets.

The existence and characteristics of an underclass are subjects of ongoing debate among academics. Some scholars argue that the term can be stigmatizing and oversimplify complex issues of poverty, preferring to focus on broader structural factors that affect all low-income individuals. Others maintain that the concept is useful for understanding persistent, deep-seated poverty and the social exclusion experienced by certain populations. Understanding the underclass involves examining its economic, social, and political dimensions, as well as the policy implications for addressing poverty and promoting social inclusion.