UIAutomator
UIAutomator is a UI testing framework for the Android platform that enables automated functional and UI testing across apps and the system user interface. Developed by Google, it provides APIs that allow tests to interact with UI components outside the app under test, such as notifications, system dialogs, and other installed applications. This makes it suitable for end-to-end and cross-app testing scenarios where the user flow spans multiple apps or requires system UI interactions.
Tests written with UIAutomator run on an Android device or emulator as separate test APKs or as
UIAutomator has existed since Android 4.2 (API level 17) and continues to be supported, with newer iterations
Limitations include reliance on a separate test APK and potential brittleness when UI elements change or vary