Tüvirakkudega

Tüvirakkudega, commonly translated as stem cells, are a fundamental biological resource. They are characterized by two key properties: self-renewal and differentiation. Self-renewal means that stem cells can divide and produce more stem cells. Differentiation is the ability to develop into specialized cell types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, each with a specific function in the body.

There are several main types of stem cells. Embryonic stem cells, found in the early stages of embryonic development, are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body. Adult stem cells, also known as somatic stem cells, are found in various tissues throughout the body after development. These cells are multipotent, capable of differentiating into a limited range of cell types specific to their tissue of origin. For example, hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow produce various blood cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a type of stem cell derived from somatic cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent state.

The study and application of stem cells hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. Researchers are investigating their potential to repair damaged tissues and organs, treat diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes, and heart disease, and advance our understanding of human development and disease. Ethical considerations, particularly surrounding embryonic stem cell research, have been a subject of ongoing discussion and debate.