Tõenäoteoorias

Tõenäoteoorias, also known as Probability Theory, is a branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random phenomena. It provides a framework for quantifying uncertainty and understanding the likelihood of events occurring. The fundamental concept in probability theory is the probability of an event, which is a number between 0 and 1, inclusive, representing the degree of belief that the event will happen. A probability of 0 means the event is impossible, while a probability of 1 means the event is certain.

Key elements of probability theory include experiments, outcomes, and events. An experiment is any process that can be repeated and has a set of possible results. An outcome is a single result of an experiment. An event is a collection of one or more outcomes. For example, flipping a coin is an experiment, heads is an outcome, and getting heads or tails is an event.

Probability theory also deals with random variables, which are variables whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon. These variables can be discrete, taking on a finite or countably infinite number of values, or continuous, taking on any value within a given range. Distributions, such as the binomial distribution or the normal distribution, describe the probabilities of different values or ranges of values for a random variable. The theory is essential in fields like statistics, physics, finance, and computer science, enabling data analysis, prediction, and decision-making under uncertainty.