Täisartroplastika

Täisartroplastika, commonly known as total joint replacement surgery, is a medical procedure to replace a diseased or damaged joint with an artificial one. This artificial joint, or prosthesis, is typically made of metal alloys, plastic, and polymers. The most common joints to undergo total replacement are the hip and knee, though shoulder, elbow, ankle, and finger joints can also be replaced.

The primary reason for performing täisartroplastika is to relieve pain and restore function in joints affected by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and certain bone deformities. Degeneration of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within a joint leads to friction, inflammation, and pain, significantly limiting mobility.

The surgery involves removing the damaged bone and cartilage from the joint and then implanting the prosthetic components. For example, in a total hip replacement, the ball of the thigh bone and the socket in the pelvis are replaced. In a total knee replacement, the ends of the thigh bone and shin bone, along with the underside of the kneecap, are resurfaced.

Recovery from täisartroplastika requires a period of rehabilitation, including physical therapy, to regain strength and mobility. While the surgery is highly successful in alleviating pain and improving quality of life for many, potential risks include infection, blood clots, implant loosening or wear, and nerve or blood vessel damage. The lifespan of artificial joints varies, but many implants can last for 15 to 20 years or more.