Tuumajaotus

Tuumajaotus is an Estonian term that translates to "nuclear division" or "nuclear fission." In the context of physics, it refers to the process where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. This splitting can be spontaneous, as in radioactive decay, or induced by bombarding the nucleus with particles, such as neutrons.

The most common form of induced nuclear fission occurs when a heavy, unstable nucleus, like uranium-235, absorbs a neutron. This absorption makes the nucleus even more unstable, causing it to split into lighter nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy in the process. This energy release is due to the conversion of a small amount of mass into energy, as described by Einstein's famous equation E=mc².

In addition to energy, nuclear fission also typically releases additional neutrons. These released neutrons can then go on to induce fission in other nearby nuclei, leading to a chain reaction. This chain reaction is the principle behind nuclear power reactors and nuclear weapons. Controlled chain reactions are used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity, while uncontrolled chain reactions are used in atomic bombs.

Nuclear fission is a complex process governed by quantum mechanics. The specific isotopes that undergo fission and the resulting daughter nuclei and released particles vary depending on the initial nucleus and the conditions of the fission event. The study of tuumajaotus is a fundamental part of nuclear physics and has had profound implications for energy production and technological development.