Tuulerõugeid

Tuulerõuged, also known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is most common in children but can affect people of all ages. The hallmark symptom is an itchy rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters, which eventually scab over.

The incubation period for tuulerõuged typically ranges from 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. Initial symptoms can include fever, headache, fatigue, and loss of appetite, followed by the characteristic rash. The rash usually appears first on the torso, face, and scalp, and then spreads to the rest of the body.

Transmission occurs through direct contact with the rash or through respiratory droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze. People are contagious from one to two days before the rash appears until all blisters have crusted over.

While generally a mild illness, complications can arise, particularly in infants, adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. These complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and severe skin infections. In pregnant women, the virus can pose risks to the developing fetus.

The most effective way to prevent tuulerõuged is through vaccination. The varicella vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection or significantly reducing the severity of the illness if infection occurs. Once infected, individuals typically develop lifelong immunity. Treatment is usually supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms like itching and fever, and preventing secondary bacterial infections.