Tunnustuns

Tunnustuns is a term used to describe a specific type of indigenous dwelling found in the Arctic regions, particularly associated with the Sami people of northern Scandinavia. These structures are traditionally semi-subterranean, built into hillsides or natural depressions in the earth. The primary building material is often turf, sod, or earth, which provides excellent insulation against the harsh Arctic climate.

The construction of a tunnustun typically involves digging a pit or utilizing an existing slope. Walls are then reinforced, often with wood or stone, before being covered with layers of insulating material. The roof is usually flat and covered with vegetation, allowing it to blend seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. Entrances are often low and can be accessed via a tunnel-like passage, hence the name "tunnustun," which relates to this subterranean entrance.

Inside, the tunnustun would have provided shelter from extreme cold, wind, and snow. The earth's stable temperature helped maintain a more consistent internal climate. These dwellings were historically used for both year-round habitation and as temporary shelters during hunting or herding expeditions. While modern housing has largely replaced traditional tunnustuns, the architectural principles and their historical significance remain an important part of Sami cultural heritage. Archaeological evidence suggests similar forms of earth-sheltered dwellings were utilized by various indigenous Arctic peoples for millennia, adapted to their specific environmental challenges and available resources.