Tungstatebased

Tungstate-based is a term used to describe compounds or materials that incorporate the tungstate anion WO4^2- or tungsten-oxygen frameworks. Tungsten in these compounds is typically in the +6 oxidation state. The category includes simple salts such as sodium tungstate and ammonium paratungstate, mineral-like tungstates, and complex inorganic solids used in technology.

These materials exhibit diverse structures, ranging from discrete tetrahedral WO4 units that polymerize into chains or layered structures to three-dimensional frameworks. Common structural motifs include the scheelite and wolframite-type structures, exemplified by CaWO4 and PbWO4. Doped and mixed tungstate systems are widely explored to tailor optical, electronic, and catalytic properties.

Synthesis methods include solid-state high-temperature synthesis, hydrothermal or solvothermal techniques, precipitation, and sol-gel processes. Methods are chosen to control crystallinity, particle size, and dopant distribution for specific properties.

Applications of tungstate-based materials span luminescent phosphors for displays and lighting (e.g., CaWO4:Eu3+, SrWO4:Ln3+), scintillators (PbWO4), photocatalysis and environmental remediation, and as functional catalysts for oxidation reactions. Tungstate minerals and related compounds also serve as model systems in solid-state chemistry and materials science.

Safety and handling note: Some tungstate compounds can be toxic in soluble form; appropriate handling and waste management are advised. The term tungsten-based or tungstate-based is primarily used in inorganic chemistry to categorize these materials by their anionic tungsten-oxygen units.