Tumörnekrosfaktor

Tumörnekrosfaktor, often abbreviated as TNF, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system and inflammation response. It is a cytokine, a type of signaling molecule produced by immune cells. TNF is primarily produced by macrophages, a type of white blood cell, but can also be released by other cells.

Its name reflects one of its key functions: inducing programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in certain types of cells, including tumor cells. This ability makes it a target of interest in cancer research and therapy. However, TNF's role extends beyond cancer. It is a pro-inflammatory mediator, meaning it helps to initiate and amplify inflammatory responses throughout the body. This is essential for fighting infections and repairing damaged tissues.

However, dysregulation of TNF production or activity can contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis are associated with excessive TNF levels. This understanding has led to the development of biologic drugs that target and block TNF, providing effective treatments for these autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. TNF also influences other cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Its complex and multifaceted actions highlight its importance in maintaining health and its involvement in disease.