Tulehduksien

Tulehduksien (Finnish for inflammations) describe localized or systemic responses of the body's immune system to tissue injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli. The primary purpose is to remove injurious agents and initiate healing. Inflammation is not a disease itself but a protective mechanism that can become harmful if dysregulated.

The process involves mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines that promote blood vessel dilation and increased permeability, allowing immune cells to reach affected tissues. In acute inflammation, vascular changes and leukocyte recruitment lead to rapid but short-lived redness, heat, swelling, and pain. In chronic inflammation, persistent triggers cause ongoing tissue damage and repair, sometimes resulting in scarring.

Causes include infections (bacteria, viruses, fungi), physical injury, chemical irritants, autoimmune diseases, and allergic reactions. Inflammation can be local, as in dermatitis, or systemic, as in sepsis or autoimmune syndromes.

Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation supported by laboratory tests such as C-reactive protein, ESR, and imaging when necessary. Treatment targets the underlying cause and the inflammatory response: addressing infection with antimicrobials when appropriate; using anti-inflammatory drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids) with careful consideration of risks; and providing supportive care.

Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to irritants, managing chronic diseases, vaccination where applicable, and prompt treatment of infections. While most inflammations resolve with restoration of tissue homeostasis, chronic or excessive inflammation can contribute to tissue damage and disease progression.