Tuberculeuze

Tuberculeuze is a Romanian term used in medical language to denote tuberculosis-related conditions or lesions. Tuberculosis itself is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is primarily transmitted through airborne droplets. While the lungs are the most commonly affected site, the infection can involve other organs, producing extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The term tuberculeuze may appear in descriptions of tuberculous lesions, tissues, or diseases.

Transmission occurs through inhalation of aerosols from a person with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Risk factors include close contact with an infectious person, HIV infection, malnutrition, older age, and living in crowded or poorly ventilated settings. Many infections remain latent; latent TB infection can reactivate when immunity wanes, especially in high-burden areas.

Clinical presentation varies. Pulmonary TB commonly causes a persistent cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Extrapulmonary TB may affect lymph nodes, pleura, bones, meninges, or the abdominal organs. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical assessment, radiography, and microbiological tests.

Treatment for drug-susceptible TB consists of a course of multiple antibiotics taken for at least six months, typically including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in the initial phase, followed by isoniazid and rifampicin. Adherence is essential to prevent resistance. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) require longer, more complex regimens.

Prevention includes prompt diagnosis and treatment of active cases, vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in many countries, and infection-control measures to reduce transmission, particularly in healthcare and congregate settings. Public health efforts aim to identify latent infection, ensure treatment completion, and reduce disease burden globally.