Tsüklofosfamiid

Tsüklofosfamiid is a medication belonging to the alkylating agent class, used in chemotherapy and as an immunosuppressant. It is a prodrug, meaning it must be activated by the body to become effective. Once activated, tsüklofosfamiid interferes with DNA replication, leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells.

Its primary uses include the treatment of various cancers, such as lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer. It is also employed to manage autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis, where it suppresses the immune system's overactive response. Tsüklofosfamiid can be administered orally or intravenously.

The side effects of tsüklofosfamiid can be significant and depend on the dosage and individual patient response. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and a decrease in blood cell counts, which can increase the risk of infection and bleeding. It can also cause bladder irritation, known as hemorrhagic cystitis, which is often managed with hydration and a protective agent called mesna. Long-term use may lead to infertility and an increased risk of secondary cancers. Due to its potent effects, tsüklofosfamiid is prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals.