Tsüaniidist

Tsüaniidist refers to a group of chemical compounds containing the cyano group (CN). The cyano group consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. These compounds can be organic or inorganic. Organic cyanides are often called nitriles.

Inorganic cyanides typically involve alkali metals like sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN). These are highly toxic salts that readily release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas in the presence of acids. Hydrogen cyanide is a volatile and extremely poisonous gas.

Organic cyanides, or nitriles, have the cyano group attached to an organic molecule. Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a common example, used as a solvent in laboratories. Other nitriles can be found in natural products and are synthesized for various industrial applications, including the production of plastics and synthetic fibers.

The toxicity of cyanide compounds varies. While inorganic cyanides like sodium and potassium cyanide are acutely poisonous, the toxicity of organic nitriles is generally lower and depends on their specific structure and how readily they can release cyanide ions in the body. Cyanide poisoning interferes with cellular respiration, preventing cells from using oxygen. Symptoms can range from dizziness and headache to convulsions and death, depending on the dose and route of exposure.