Tränendrüsen

Tränendrüsen, also known as lacrimal glands, are exocrine glands responsible for producing the watery component of tears. These glands are essential for maintaining the health and clarity of the ocular surface. They are located in the orbit of the eye, superior and lateral to each eyeball, within the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone.

The primary function of the Tränendrüsen is to secrete a fluid that lubricates the eye, washes away debris and irritants, and provides nourishment to the cornea, which lacks its own blood supply. This tear film consists of three layers: an outer lipid layer produced by the meibomian glands, a middle aqueous layer produced by the Tränendrüsen, and an inner mucin layer produced by goblet cells.

Tears are continuously produced at a low rate to maintain baseline lubrication. However, emotional stimuli, irritants like smoke or onion fumes, or physical stimulation such as a foreign object on the cornea can trigger a significant increase in tear production, leading to reflex tearing. This increased production helps to flush out the irritant or express strong emotions.

Disorders affecting the Tränendrüsen can lead to several eye conditions. Insufficient tear production, known as dry eye syndrome, can cause discomfort, blurred vision, and increased susceptibility to infections. Conversely, excessive tear production, or epiphora, can result from overstimulation of the glands or blockages in the tear drainage system. Medical conditions and certain medications can also influence the function of the Tränendrüsen.