Trombotsütoos

Trombotsütoos refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally high number of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, irregular-shaped cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. A normal platelet count typically ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. When this count exceeds the upper limit, it is classified as trombotsütoos.

There are two main types of trombotsütoos: primary (or essential) trombotsütoos and secondary (or reactive) trombotsütoos. Primary trombotsütoos is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, a group of disorders where the bone marrow produces too many of one or more types of blood cells. Essential thrombocythemia is the most common form of primary trombotsütoos. Secondary trombotsütoos occurs in response to another underlying condition. This can include infections, inflammatory diseases, iron deficiency anemia, certain cancers, or after surgical procedures, particularly splenectomy.

The symptoms of trombotsütoos can vary. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others might develop issues related to abnormal blood clotting. These can include an increased risk of bleeding, such as nosebleeds or easy bruising, or conversely, an increased risk of blood clots forming in arteries or veins, potentially leading to stroke, heart attack, or deep vein thrombosis.

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count to confirm the elevated platelet count. Further investigations, including bone marrow biopsy and genetic testing, may be necessary to determine the underlying cause, especially to differentiate between primary and secondary forms. Treatment strategies are aimed at managing the risk of complications and depend on the cause and severity of the condition, and may involve medications to reduce platelet count or prevent clotting.