Treads

Treads are the contact surfaces or patterns that provide grip in three common contexts: footwear, tires, and stairs. In each case, treads influence traction, stability, and wear, and their condition is a practical concern for safety and performance.

Tire treads are the rubber patterns molded into a tire's contact surface. They include grooves, blocks, and sipes that channel water away and improve grip on wet, icy, or uneven surfaces. Tread depth serves as a primary measure of tire condition; as it wears, traction diminishes, especially in adverse weather. Depth is specified in millimeters or 32nds of an inch; many jurisdictions set a legal minimum of 1.6 mm (2/32 in). Tires typically incorporate wear indicators that become visible when the tread is too shallow, signaling replacement is needed.

Footwear treads, or outsole patterns, consist of textured surfaces designed for adhesion, durability, and mud shedding. The tread material is usually rubber or a synthetic compound, and patterns may vary to suit different environments (urban, hiking, athletic). Worn treads reduce grip, increase slip risk, and may be addressed by re-soling, reshoe repair, or replacement when performance declines.

Stair treads are the horizontal surfaces you step on in stairs. They work with risers to form a safe ascent and descent, and codes often require consistent, slip-resistant treads and adequate nosing. Residential treads typically measure around 10 inches (about 25 cm) in depth, though exact specifications vary by jurisdiction. Damaged or heavily worn treads should be repaired or replaced to maintain safety.