Transportprosess

Transportprosess, or transport process, describes the movement of mass, energy, or momentum within a system, driven by gradients or external forces. It is a broad concept used across physics, chemistry, biology and engineering to understand how substances and properties spread or flow. The study of transportprosess encompasses how different driving forces interact and how boundaries and interfaces influence transport.

In mass transport, movement occurs through diffusion due to concentration differences, and through convection when a bulk fluid flow carries species with it. In biology, membranes regulate transport via simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport that requires energy. Osmosis describes water movement across membranes driven by osmotic pressure. Vesicular transport, including endocytosis and exocytosis, transports larger cargo within cells. Mass transport is also central to industrial processes such as separation, filtration and chemical reactors.

Heat transport involves conduction, convection and radiation, describing how thermal energy moves within or between systems. Momentum transport, related to fluid flow, is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations in many applications. In engineering and physics, transportprosess are described by conservation laws and constitutive relations, with key equations such as Fick’s laws for diffusion, Fourier’s law for heat conduction, and Newton’s law for momentum. Dimensionless numbers like Reynolds, Peclet and Schmidt help characterize transport regimes and similarities between systems.

Applications span biological systems, environmental processes and industrial operations. Examples include gas exchange in lungs, nutrient uptake in tissues, drying and mixing in process engineering, and membrane-based separations. Understanding transportprosess supports design, optimization and control across science and industry.