Translatiivset

Translatiivset refers to the translative case in Estonian grammar, a case used to express a transition into a new state or role. It answers questions such as “into what state?” or “as what?”. The translative is commonly used after verbs that indicate becoming, such as saama (to become) or muutuma (to change).

In Estonian, the translative form is built by adding a suffix to the stem, with phonological adjustments to fit vowel harmony and consonant structure. The singular form typically ends in -ks, as in õpetajaks (into a teacher) or õnnelikuks (into a happy state). The plural form adds -teks, as in õpetajateks (into teachers). Adjectives and nouns can take the translative ending to express transformation, not merely a static quality.

Usage notes and distinctions: the translativ is distinct from essive, which marks a temporary or ongoing state (as, in the role of). The translative emphasizes a change of state or new identity. It often appears with verbs like saama and muutuma, and it can modify adjectives and nouns to denote becoming something rather than being something.

Examples:

- Ta sai õpetajaks. (He became a teacher.)

- Nad said õpetajateks. (They became teachers.)

- Ta muutus õnnelikuks. (He turned into a happy person.)

The translatiivset is a core element of Estonian morphosyntax, contributing to the expression of transformation and role designation within sentences.