TransitionMetalOxide
Transition-metal oxides are inorganic compounds consisting of oxygen anions and transition metal cations (the d-block elements). They form a broad and chemically diverse class characterized by variable oxidation states of the metal, strong M–O bonds, and a wide range of crystal structures. Common binary oxides include TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, and NiO, while complex oxides exhibit perovskite (ABO3), spinel (AB2O4), pyrochlore, and layered frameworks.
Electronic and magnetic properties arise from d-electron configurations and covalent metal–oxygen bonding. Band gaps span from
Synthesis and structure determine functionality. They can be prepared by solid-state synthesis, sol-gel processing, hydrothermal methods,
Applications are broad. Transition-metal oxides serve as catalysts for environmental remediation and water-splitting reactions; as photocatalysts