Transfuusioreaktiot

Transfuusioreaktiot, or transfusion reactions, are adverse events that occur as a result of blood transfusion. These reactions can be classified into several categories based on their onset, severity, and underlying mechanisms. Immediate reactions occur within minutes to hours after transfusion and are often due to incompatible blood types or antibodies. These can range from mild, such as fever and chills, to severe, like anaphylaxis or acute hemolytic reactions. Delayed reactions, on the other hand, manifest hours to days after transfusion and are typically immune-mediated. They can cause hemolytic anemia, where the transfused red blood cells are destroyed by the recipient's immune system. Non-immune reactions are not mediated by the immune system and can be caused by factors like air embolism, transfusion-related acute lung injury, or transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Transfuusioreaktiot can have significant clinical implications, including increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Early recognition and management are crucial to minimize these adverse effects.