Transfusionszuständen

Transfusionszuständen, also known as transfusion reactions or transfusion-related states, refer to adverse or unintended physiological responses that occur during or after the administration of blood transfusions. These conditions can range from mild to severe and may pose significant health risks if not promptly recognized and managed.

Common transfusionszuständen include allergic reactions, febrile non-hemolytic reactions, hemolytic reactions, bacterial contamination, and transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI). Allergic reactions are typically caused by hypersensitivity to donor plasma proteins and present with symptoms such as itching, rash, or swelling. Febrile reactions often result from recipient antibodies reacting against donor leukocytes, causing fever and chills. Hemolytic reactions occur when incompatible blood types are transfused, leading to destruction of red blood cells, which may cause hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and in severe cases, shock.

Prevention and management rely on proper blood typing and crossmatching, meticulous blood handling, and vigilant patient monitoring during and after transfusion. Symptoms indicating a transfusionszustand should prompt immediate cessation of the transfusion and medical evaluation. Treatment varies according to the reaction severity but may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, intravenous fluids, or supportive care for severe cases like TRALI or hemolytic reactions.

Advancements in blood screening, better compatibility testing, and increased awareness have contributed to reducing the incidence of transfusionszuständen. Nonetheless, timely diagnosis and intervention are essential to minimize complications and ensure patient safety during blood transfusions.