Totálních

Totálních is the genitive plural form of the Czech adjective totální, which means total, complete, or overarching. It is used when the noun it modifies is in the genitive case and in plural form. For example, totálních nákladů means “of total costs” and totálních ztrát means “of total losses.” The form reflects Czech's system of adjective declension, where the ending changes to agree with gender, number, and case of the noun.

Etymology and meaning: totální derives from the Latin totus and entered Czech through historical linguistic contact with European languages. In modern usage, totální emphasizes fullness or extremity, similar to the English “total” or “complete,” and it can appear in formal, technical, or journalistic registers as well as everyday speech.

Usage: Totální is commonly used with nouns in domains such as economics, statistics, law, and journalism to indicate aggregates or comprehensive scope. It is frequently paired with nouns like náklady (costs), ztráty (losses), údaje (data), or částky (amounts) in genitive plural. The word is distinct from synonyms like kompletní, which can carry a slightly different nuance or register. In addition to its adjectival use, Czech also forms the adverb totálně, meaning “totally” or “completely.”

Notes: Totální is a standard, neutral term in Czech grammar and lexicon. Its genitive plural form totálních appears in written and formal texts whenever a plural noun in genitive expresses a total or aggregate concept.