Toskëria

Toskëria is a historical and geographical region in southern Albania. It is one of the two major cultural and dialectal divisions of the Albanian people, the other being Ghegëria in the north. The Tosk dialect of Albanian is the basis for Standard Albanian, the official language of Albania.

The region is generally considered to encompass the area south of the Shkumbin River, stretching down to the border with Greece. Historically, Toskëria has been characterized by its mountainous terrain, fertile valleys, and a strong agricultural tradition, particularly in olive oil and wine production. Major cities and towns within Toskëria include Gjirokastër, Vlorë, Berat, Korçë, and Sarandë.

The cultural identity of the Tosk people is distinct, influenced by its history and geography. The region has a rich tradition of folk music, dance, and oral literature. Toskëria has also been a significant area for Albanian national awakening and the development of modern Albanian literature and culture. The influence of the Tosk dialect on Standard Albanian has made it the predominant linguistic form in Albania and among Albanian diaspora communities.

Throughout history, Toskëria has experienced various dominations, including Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman rule, each leaving its mark on the region's cultural and architectural landscape. The national liberation movements and the establishment of the Albanian state in the 20th century saw significant contributions from individuals from Toskëria. The region continues to be an integral part of Albania's cultural and socio-economic fabric.