Topiary
Topiary is the horticultural practice of shaping perennial plants by pruning and training them to form ornamental figures and structures. It typically relies on evergreen species with dense, slow-growing foliage that can be easily controlled through regular clipping.
Common plants used for topiary include boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), yew (Taxus baccata), privet (Ligustrum spp.), holly
Maintenance involves regular trimming to preserve the intended silhouette, with more frequent pruning during the growing
History and development: Topiary originated in ancient Rome and was refined in medieval and Renaissance gardens
Notable examples and current practice: Historic collections include the topiary gardens at Levens Hall in England,