Titráciu

Titráciu, also known as chemical analysis or volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance, often called the analyte, by reacting it with a solution of known concentration, called the titrant. This process involves gradually adding the titrant to the analyte until the reaction is complete, which is usually indicated by a color change or a sudden shift in an electrical property.

The core principle behind titráciu is stoichiometry, the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. By knowing the exact volume of titrant added and its precise concentration, one can calculate the amount of analyte present in the sample. This is often achieved using an indicator, a substance that changes color at or near the point where the reaction is complete, known as the equivalence point or endpoint.

Common types of titráciu include acid-base titrations, redox titrations, precipitation titrations, and complexometric titrations, each relying on different types of chemical reactions. For example, acid-base titrations involve the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. Redox titrations involve oxidation and reduction reactions, while precipitation titrations form an insoluble precipitate.

Titráciu is a versatile technique used across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals, for quality control, research, and educational purposes. Its accuracy and reliability make it an indispensable tool in quantitative analysis.