Titanosaurids

Titanosaurids were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs that lived during the Cretaceous period. They are characterized by their massive size, long necks and tails, and quadrupedal locomotion. Titanosaurids are the only group of sauropods known to have survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, with their fossils found on every continent. Their fossil record is extensive, providing insights into their evolution and distribution.

These herbivores were among the largest land animals to have ever existed. Some species, like Argentinosaurus and Patagotitan, reached estimated lengths of over 30 meters (100 feet) and weighed many tens of tons. The discovery of titanosaurid fossils has significantly contributed to our understanding of dinosaur paleobiogeography, revealing their widespread presence across ancient landmasses.

The exact evolutionary relationships within the titanosaurid clade are still debated, with ongoing research refining their classification. Their diet consisted of plants, and their immense size likely required them to consume vast quantities of vegetation daily. The reproductive strategies of titanosaurids are inferred from fossilized egg nests, which indicate they laid eggs in clutches. Their extinction alongside most other non-avian dinosaurs marked the end of an era for these colossal creatures.