Tilidine

Tilidine is a synthetic opioid analgesic that is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is a prodrug, meaning it is converted into its active form, nortilidine, in the body. Tilidine is typically administered orally in combination with naloxone, an opioid antagonist, to deter intravenous misuse. The addition of naloxone is intended to block the euphoric effects of tilidine if it is injected, while not interfering with its analgesic effects when taken orally.

Tilidine is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. The onset of action is usually within 15 to 60 minutes, and the duration of effect is typically 4 to 6 hours. It is prescribed for a variety of painful conditions, including post-operative pain, chronic pain, and pain associated with cancer. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined by the severity of the pain and the patient's response.

Common side effects of tilidine include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and constipation. More serious side effects, though less common, can include respiratory depression, dependence, and addiction. Due to its opioid nature, tilidine carries a risk of misuse and dependence, which is why it is often formulated with naloxone. Its availability and regulation vary by country.