Tilapiidae

Tilapiidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly known as cichlids. These fish are native to Africa and the Middle East, though many species have been introduced worldwide for aquaculture and as ornamental fish. Tilapiids are characterized by their deep, laterally compressed bodies and a single, long dorsal fin with spiny and soft rays. They exhibit a wide range of sizes, diets, and behaviors, reflecting their diverse evolutionary history. Many tilapiid species are omnivorous, feeding on algae, plants, and small invertebrates. Reproduction in tilapiids often involves mouthbrooding, where one or both parents carry eggs or fry in their mouths for protection. This parental care is a significant factor in their reproductive success. Several species, such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), are of major economic importance due to their rapid growth and adaptability, making them a staple food source in many regions. However, introduced tilapiids can sometimes become invasive, impacting native ecosystems.