TiOiPr4

TiOiPr4, or titanium(IV) isopropoxide, is an organometallic compound with the formula Ti(OiPr)4, where OiPr denotes the isopropoxy ligand. It features a tetrahedral Ti(IV) center bound to four alkoxide ligands and is commonly encountered as a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is sensitive to moisture.

The compound is widely used as a titanium source in sol-gel chemistry and related processes for preparing titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials. In hydrolysis and condensation reactions, Ti(OiPr)4 converts to TiO2, enabling the formation of TiO2 networks for coatings, thin films, ceramics, and porous materials. It serves as a convenient precursor for sol-gel routes to TiO2-based coatings and mixed-metal oxides, and can be used in catalyst synthesis and other inorganic-organic hybrid systems.

Preparation and handling of Ti(OiPr)4 typically require anhydrous conditions. It is commonly prepared by reaction of titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol under inert conditions, followed by purification. The compound is moisture sensitive and stored under dry, inert atmosphere to prevent hydrolysis. Exposure to air or water leads to rapid hydrolysis, producing isopropanol and titanium dioxide; this hydrolysis is exploited in controlled sol-gel syntheses but can be hazardous if not managed properly.

Safety and hazards: Ti(OiPr)4 is an irritant and reacts with moisture to release isopropanol and heat. Vapors can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It should be handled in a fume hood with appropriate protective equipment, and stored away from moisture and incompatible materials.

See also: other titanium alkoxides such as Ti(OEt)4 (tetrakis ethyl titanate) and related titanium-based sol-gel precursors.