Theveninyhtälön

Theveninyhtälön, also known as Thevenin's theorem, is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and circuit analysis. It was developed by Léon Charles Thévenin in 1883. The theorem states that any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source (Vth) in series with a single resistor (Rth). This equivalent circuit is known as the Thévenin equivalent circuit.

The Thévenin voltage (Vth) is the open-circuit voltage across the terminals of the network. It represents the voltage that would be measured across the terminals if no load were connected. The Thévenin resistance (Rth) is the resistance seen from the terminals of the network when all independent sources are turned off. It represents the total resistance of the network as seen from the terminals.

Thevenin's theorem is particularly useful in circuit analysis because it allows complex networks to be simplified. By replacing a portion of a circuit with its Thévenin equivalent, the analysis of the remaining circuit can be simplified. This is especially useful in the analysis of power systems, where it is often necessary to determine the voltage and current at various points in a circuit.

The theorem is based on the principle of superposition, which states that the response of a linear system to multiple inputs is the sum of the responses to each input individually. By applying this principle, Thévenin's theorem allows the analysis of complex circuits to be broken down into simpler, more manageable parts.