Therps

Therps are a class of organic compounds found in plants. They are responsible for the characteristic aromas and flavors of many plants, including herbs, flowers, and fruits. Therps are composed of repeating units of isoprene, a five-carbon molecule. The structure and arrangement of these isoprene units determine the specific type of terp and its properties. There are over 80,000 known terpenes, and they are broadly classified into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and tetraterpenes, based on the number of isoprene units they contain.

Monoterpenes, made of two isoprene units, are common in essential oils and contribute to scents like citrus and pine. Sesquiterpenes, with three isoprene units, are found in fragrances and flavors such as ginger and chamomile. Diterpenes, made of four isoprene units, include compounds like retinol (Vitamin A) and gibberellins, a class of plant hormones. Triterpenes, composed of six isoprene units, are precursors to steroids and have roles in plant defense. Tetraterpenes, with eight isoprene units, include carotenoids, important pigments in plants and animals.

Beyond their sensory contributions, terpenes play various roles in plant physiology, including attracting pollinators, deterring herbivores, and protecting against environmental stress. They also have a wide range of applications in industries such as perfumery, food flavoring, and pharmaceuticals, where some terpenes are being investigated for potential medicinal properties.